IP/Network

 

 

 

 

route

 

C:\>route -?

     

    Manipulates network routing tables.

     

    ROUTE [-f] [-p] [-4|-6] command [destination]

                      [MASK netmask]  [gateway] [METRIC metric]  [IF interface]

     

      -f          Clears the routing tables of all gateway entries.  If this is used in conjunction with one of the

                   commands, the tables are cleared prior to running the command.

     

      -p          When used with the ADD command, makes a route persistent across boots of the system. By default,

                  routes are not preserved when the system is restarted. Ignored for all other commands,

                   which always affect the appropriate persistent routes. This option is not supported in Windows 95.

     

      -4           Force using IPv4.

     

      -6           Force using IPv6.

     

      command          One of these:

                            PRINT     Prints  a route

                            ADD       Adds    a route

                            DELETE    Deletes a route

                            CHANGE    Modifies an existing route

      destination     Specifies the host.

      MASK            Specifies that the next parameter is the 'netmask' value.

      netmask         Specifies a subnet mask value for this route entry.

                                 If not specified, it defaults to 255.255.255.255.

      gateway         Specifies gateway.

      interface       the interface number for the specified route.

      METRIC          specifies the metric, ie. cost for the destination.

     

    All symbolic names used for destination are looked up in the network database file NETWORKS. The symbolic names for gateway are looked up in the host name database file HOSTS.

     

    If the command is PRINT or DELETE. Destination or gateway can be a wildcard, (wildcard is specified as a star '*'), or the gateway argument may be omitted.

     

    If Dest contains a * or ?, it is treated as a shell pattern, and only matching destination routes are printed. The '*' matches any string, and '?' matches any one char. Examples: 157.*.1, 157.*, 127.*, *224*.

     

    Pattern match is only allowed in PRINT command.

    Diagnostic Notes:

        Invalid MASK generates an error, that is when (DEST & MASK) != DEST.

        Example> route ADD 157.0.0.0 MASK 155.0.0.0 157.55.80.1 IF 1

                 The route addition failed: The specified mask parameter is invalid.

     (Destination & Mask) != Destination.

     

    Examples:

     

        > route PRINT

        > route PRINT -4

        > route PRINT -6

        > route PRINT 157*          .... Only prints those matching 157*

     

        > route ADD 157.0.0.0 MASK 255.0.0.0  157.55.80.1 METRIC 3 IF 2

                 destination^      ^mask      ^gateway     metric^        Interface^

          If IF is not given, it tries to find the best interface for a given

          gateway.

        > route ADD 3ffe::/32 3ffe::1

     

        > route CHANGE 157.0.0.0 MASK 255.0.0.0 157.55.80.5 METRIC 2 IF 2

     

          CHANGE is used to modify gateway and/or metric only.

     

        > route DELETE 157.0.0.0

        > route DELETE 3ffe::/32

 

Example 1: -------------------------------------------------------------

 

C:\> route PRINT

 

    ===========================================================================

    Interface List

     24...02 30 4d a4 10 01 ......BlackBerry Virtual Private Network

     12...3c a9 f4 45 dd 58 ......Intel(R) Centrino(R) Ultimate-N 6300 AGN

     11...f0 1f af 28 8d 92 ......Intel(R) 82579LM Gigabit Network Connection

      1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1

     23...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft 6to4 Adapter

     35...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #2

     25...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #3

     34...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface

     55...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #5

    ===========================================================================

     

    IPv4 Route Table

    ===========================================================================

    Active Routes:

    Network Destination        Netmask          Gateway       Interface  Metric

              0.0.0.0          0.0.0.0     172.25.228.1   172.25.228.101     20

            127.0.0.0        255.0.0.0         On-link         127.0.0.1    306

            127.0.0.1  255.255.255.255         On-link         127.0.0.1    306

      127.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link         127.0.0.1    306

          169.254.0.0      255.255.0.0         On-link   169.254.242.200    261

      169.254.242.200  255.255.255.255         On-link   169.254.242.200    261

      169.254.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link   169.254.242.200    261

         172.25.228.0    255.255.254.0         On-link    172.25.228.101    276

       172.25.228.101  255.255.255.255         On-link    172.25.228.101    276

       172.25.229.255  255.255.255.255         On-link    172.25.228.101    276

            224.0.0.0        240.0.0.0         On-link         127.0.0.1    306

            224.0.0.0        240.0.0.0         On-link    172.25.228.101    276

            224.0.0.0        240.0.0.0         On-link   169.254.242.200    261

      255.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link         127.0.0.1    306

      255.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link    172.25.228.101    276

      255.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link   169.254.242.200    261

    ===========================================================================

    Persistent Routes:

      None

     

    IPv6 Route Table

    ===========================================================================

    Active Routes:

     If Metric Network Destination      Gateway

      1    306 ::1/128                  On-link

     24    261 fd00::/8                 On-link

     24    261 fd3a:255f:a321:6985:63b1:16f9:7569:a608/128

                                        On-link

     12    276 fe80::/64                On-link

     24    261 fe80::/64                On-link

     12    276 fe80::2c3e:aabf:6ffa:8145/128

                                        On-link

     24    261 fe80::751a:739b:86c3:f2c8/128

                                        On-link

      1    306 ff00::/8                 On-link

     12    276 ff00::/8                 On-link

     24    261 ff00::/8                 On-link

    ===========================================================================

    Persistent Routes:

      None

     

 

Example 2: -------------------------------------------------------------

 

C:\>route DELETE *  // This command delete the whole routing table. Be careful to use this.

 OK!

 

C:\>route PRINT     // Just to confirm everything is removed from the table

===========================================================================

Interface List

 24...02 30 4d a4 10 01 ......BlackBerry Virtual Private Network

 12...3c a9 f4 45 dd 58 ......Intel(R) Centrino(R) Ultimate-N 6300 AGN

 11...f0 1f af 28 8d 92 ......Intel(R) 82579LM Gigabit Network Connection

  1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1

 23...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft 6to4 Adapter

 35...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #2

 25...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #3

 34...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface

 55...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #5

===========================================================================

 

IPv4 Route Table

===========================================================================

Active Routes:

  None

Persistent Routes:

  None

 

IPv6 Route Table

===========================================================================

Active Routes:

  None

Persistent Routes:

  None

 

 

Example 3 : -------------------------------------------------------------

 

// '11' in the following command indicate the Interface ID. You can get the interface ID for a specific Network Card by the command 'ipconfig'.

 

C:\>route change 0.0.0.0 MASK 0.0.0.0 172.25.228.1 metric 100 if 11